FOUR GENTLEMEN

In Chinese bird-and-flower painting, the term ‘The Four Gentlemen’ refers to four plants: plum blossom, orchid, chrysanthemum and bamboo. In the long history of painting, these four motifs symbolize the Chinese virtues. They represent the essential path for beginners to learn the art of Chinese ink painting.

The plum blossom appears in China at the coldest time of the year and symbolizes a proud and unyielding character. The orchid grows in the valley; it is calm and fragrant without being overpowering. The chrysanthemum blooms in the cold fall and never loses its petals. It symbolizes serenity and resisting all adversity. Bamboo has hollow stems and is neither a bush nor a tree. It represents eternal tolerance and open-mindedness.